“ToRCH”一词由Nahmias于1971年提出,是多种引起宫内感染的微生物和病毒英文名称的第一个字母组合而成。To代表刚地弓形体(Toxoplasma gondii),R代表风疹病毒(Rubella Virus),C代表巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus),H代表单纯疱疹I型和II型病毒(Herpes Simplex Virus I and II),这五种病原体感染对老年人的身体健康影响不大,但对儿童、育龄妇女,尤其是孕妇关系重大。这五大病原体的共同危害是可造成流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形、残疾儿。侥幸存活的新生儿常可发生生长发育迟缓、白内障、神经性耳聋、先天性心脏病、脑膜炎、巨细胞肝炎、溶血性贫血、视力、听力障碍等。
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